Publications
Human errors in criminal investigations have previously led to devastating miscarriages of justice. For example, flaws in forensic identification based on physical or photographic evidence are notoriously unreliable. The criminal justice system has, therefore, started to turn to artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the reliability and fairness of forensic identification. So as not to repeat...
When does web search work? There is a significant amount of research showing where and how web search seems to fail. Researchers identify various contributing causes of web search breakdowns: the for-profit orientation of advertising driven companies, racial capitalism, the agonistic playing field with search engine optimizers and others trying to game the algorithm, or perhaps ‘user error’....
This dissertation explores how machine learning and artificial intelligence can be applied within music composition and production. My approach in this research stems from an underlying perspective that these technologies are deeply intertwined with the people who use them or are affected by them: we can’t hope to understand one side of the picture without looking at the other. From this...
In early 2017, a journalist and search engine expert wrote about “Google’s biggest ever search quality crisis.” Months later, Google hired him as the first Google “Search Liaison” (GSL). By October 2021, when someone posted to Twitter a screenshot of misleading Google Search results for “had a seizure now what,” users tagged the Twitter account of the GSL in reply. The GSL frequently publicly...
Google Scholar has become an important player in the scholarly economy. Whereas typical academic publishers sell bibliometrics, analytics and ranking products, Alphabet, through Google Scholar, provides “free” tools for academic search and scholarly evaluation that have made it central to academic practice. Leveraging political imperatives for open access publishing, Google Scholar has managed...
The IoT network is expected to harbor several zettabytes of information in the future. Since trust and integrity are critical to IoT, it is essential to imbibe trust into the IoT environment for ensuring dependability and reliability. We propose a machine learning-based trustworthy system for the IoT-based smart home environment. Multiple appliances connected through the internet are...
The emergence of trust and solidarity is arguably foundational for economic development and social order. Yet many studies, often survey-based, document large disparities in general trust and social cohesion between countries. Can mutual trust and solidarity arise between people even in areas of low general trust, or do national cultural contexts block such connections? We report an...
We introduce, motivate, and exemplify a proposed theoretical construct guiding the design and facilitation of collaborative geometry activities, conceptually generative perspectival complementarity (CGPC). Participants in CGPC activities learn content by negotiating their respective perceptions of situated features they manipulate to accomplish task objectives. We first ground our framework in...
Balance Board Math (BBM) is a new balance-based interface for math instruction. BBM integrates disparate work on embodied cognition and on sensory regulation to offer learners integrated opportunities to both self-regulate through movement and to use their sense of balance as a resource for conceptual understanding. This approach imagines beyond common views that self-initiated background...
Language barriers between patients and clinicians contribute to disparities in quality of care. Machine Translation (MT) tools are widely used in healthcare settings, but even small mistranslations can have life-threatening consequences. We study how MT is currently used in medical settings through a qualitative interview study with 20 clinicians–physicians, surgeons, nurses, and midwives. We...
We present an exploratory design study on visualizing laughter sounds for personal reflection. We experimented with a variety of graphic design elements to visualize temporal, spatial, and social aspects of laughter sounds. In order to experience their own laughter being visualized, our participants collected audio recordings of everyday conversations with their loved ones. We extracted...
In this paper, an investigation is conducted in order to understand impacts of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) parameters on the convergence and the quality of the inverse kinematics solutions provided by the IK-PSO (inverse kinematics solver using PSO) – a heuristic inverse kinematics solver algorithm. Over a large panel of parameters investigations, a statistical proof of convergence is...
As access barriers to in-person abortion care increase due to legal restrictions and COVID-19–related disruptions, individuals may be turning to the internet for information and services on out-of-clinic medication abortions. Google searches allow us to explore timely population-level interest in this topic and assess its implications. We examined the extent to which people searched for out-of...
Online harm is a prevalent issue in adolescents’ online lives. Restorative justice teaches us to focus on those who have been harmed, ask what their needs are, and engage in the offending party and community members to collectively address the harm. In this research, we conducted interviews and design activities with harmed adolescents to understand their needs to address online harm. They...
Introduction
The infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 has been carefully measured and analysed in high-income countries, whereas there has been no systematic analysis of age-specific seroprevalence or IFR for developing countries.
Methods
We systematically reviewed the literature to identify all COVID-19 serology studies in...
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated many low- and middle-income countries, causing widespread food insecurity and a sharp decline in living standards. In response to this crisis, governments and humanitarian organizations worldwide have distributed social assistance to more than 1.5 billion people. Targeting is a central challenge in administering these programmes: it remains a difficult task...
Some forms of movement, such as rocking, are common means of sensory self-regulation yet are discouraged in classroom contexts. We analyze the ableist underpinnings of this discouragement, and ask instead: could intrinsically attractive sensory activities such as rocking instead be solicited to serve content learning? Our design-based research project, Balance Board Math, fosters sensory–...
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